1: \(=3\left(x+\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

\(=3\left(x+2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{2}{9}\right)\)

\(=3\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{2}{3}>=3\cdot\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}=1\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=0

2: \(=x+3\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{21}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{21}{4}>=-3\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=0

3: \(A=-2x-3\sqrt{x}+2< =2\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=0

5: \(=x-2\sqrt{x}+1+1=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+1>=1\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1

a) đk: x\(\ge0\);

P = \(\left[\dfrac{x+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right].\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

= \(\dfrac{x+2-x+\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

b) Để P = \(\dfrac{8}{9}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

<=> \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2x+2\sqrt{x}-2}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=0\)

<=> \(-2x+5\sqrt{x}-2=0\)

<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)

<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a\) (\(a\ge0\))

P = \(\dfrac{4a}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\)

Xét P + \(\dfrac{4}{9}\) = \(\dfrac{4a}{3a^2-3a+3}+\dfrac{4}{9}=\dfrac{12a+4a^2-4a+4}{9\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2+8a+4}{9\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(a+1\right)^2}{9\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\ge0\)

Dấu "=" <=> a = -1 (loại)

=> Không tìm được Min của P

Xét P - \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{4a}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}-\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{4a-4a^2+4a-4}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{-4a^2+8a-4}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{-4\left(a-1\right)^2}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\le0\)

<=> \(P\le\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Dấu "=" <=> a = 1 <=> x = 1 (tm)

a) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)

b) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\cdot\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{x+2-x+\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)

\(=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)

Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{8}{9}\)

nên \(36\sqrt{x}=27\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27x-27\sqrt{x}+27-36\sqrt{x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27x-63\sqrt{x}+27=0\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x>0;x\ne1\)

\(M=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{x}\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right).\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}.\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)x}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)

\(=x-\sqrt{x}=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(M_{min}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{x+4}{x-1}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

ĐKXĐ:

\(x\ne1\)

\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{x+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2-1}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{x+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)\(P=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\dfrac{x+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)\(P=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-x-4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+3\sqrt{x}+2-x-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(P=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+3-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-5}{\sqrt{x}+1}=3-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

Với mọi giá trị của x ta có:

\(\sqrt{x}\ge0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+1\ge1\Rightarrow\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}+1}\le5\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge3-5=-2\)

Vậy \(Min_P=-2\)

Để P = -2 thì \(\sqrt{x}+1=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=0\Rightarrow x=0\)

Lời giải:

Do $x+y=1$ nên:

$P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x+y-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x+y-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}$
$=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}$

$\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}$ (áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

$(x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (x+y)(xy+xy)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}(x+y)=\frac{1}{2}$

$\Rightarrow x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}\leq \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$

$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=\sqrt{2}$

Vậy $P_{\min}=\sqrt{2}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$.